Inkcazo:I-Turbocharger yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwaye yenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokuphucula amandla enjini yedizili.Njengoko uxinzelelo lokunyusa lukhula, amandla enjini yedizili ayanda ngokulinganayo.Ngoko ke, xa i-turbocharger isebenza ngokungaqhelekanga okanye isilela, iya kuba nempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kwe-injini ye-diesel.Ngokophando, kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukusilela kwe-turbocharger kuphakathi kokusilela kwe-injini ye-diesel kwiminyaka yakutshanje Inika umlinganiselo omkhulu.Kukho ukwanda ngokuthe ngcembe.Phakathi kwazo, ukuhla koxinzelelo, ukunyuka, kunye nokuvuza kweoli zezona zixhaphakileyo, kwaye ziyingozi kakhulu.Eli nqaku lijolise kumgaqo wokusebenza we-injini ye-diesel ye-supercharger, ukusetyenziswa kwe-supercharger yokugcinwa, kunye nomgwebo wokusilela, kwaye emva koko uhlalutya izizathu zethiyori yokusilela kwe-supercharger ngobunzulu, kwaye inika ezinye izinto ezibangelwa kwimeko eyiyo. kunye neendlela ezihambelanayo zokusombulula ingxaki.
Amagama angundoqo:injini yedizili;i-turbocharger;icompressor
Okokuqala, i-supercharger isebenza
I-Supercharger isebenzisa amandla okukhutshwa kwe-injini ayilungile, ukujikeleza kwe-injini yokuqhubela i-injini yokuqhuba i-compressor impeller ijikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu se-coaxial kwaye iphakanyiswe ngumlindi woxinzelelo okhusela indlu ye-compressor kunye nomoya we-compressor kwi-injini. ukwandisa amandla enjini.
Okwesibini, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokugcinwa kwe-turbocharger
I-Supercharger esebenza ngesantya esiphezulu, ubushushu obuphezulu, ubushushu bokungena kwi-injini yomoya inokufikelela kuma-650 ℃, kufuneka kusetyenziswe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ukwenza umsebenzi wogcino.
1. Kwii-turbocharger ezisanda kuqaliswa okanye zilungiswe, sebenzisa izandla ukuguqula i-rotor ngaphambi kokufakela ukujonga ukujikeleza kwe-rotor.Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, i-rotor kufuneka ijikeleze ngokukhawuleza kwaye iguquguquke, ngaphandle kwe-jamming okanye ingxolo engaqhelekanga.Jonga umbhobho wokungena wecompressor nokuba ngaba kukho inkunkuma kumbhobho wokukhupha we-injini.Ukuba kukho inkunkuma, kufuneka icocwe kakuhle.Jonga ukuba i-oyile yokuthambisa imdaka okanye yonakele kwaye kufuneka itshintshwe ngeoyile yokuthambisa entsha.Ngelixa ususa ioyile entsha yokuthambisa, jonga isihluzo se-oyile yokuthambisa, coca okanye ubuyisele into entsha yokucoca.Emva kokutshintsha okanye ukucoca into yokucoca, isihluzo kufuneka sizaliswe ngeoli ecocekileyo yokuthambisa.Jonga i-oyile yokungena kunye nokubuyisela imibhobho ye-turbocharger.Kufuneka kungabikho ukugqwetheka, ukucaba, okanye ukuvaleka.
2. I-supercharger kufuneka ifakwe ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye ukudibanisa phakathi kweepayipi zokungena kunye ne-exhaust kunye ne-bracket ye-supercharger kufuneka ivalwe ngokungqongqo.Ngenxa yokwandiswa kwe-thermal xa umbhobho wokukhupha usebenza, amajoyina aqhelekileyo adibaniswe yi-bellows.
3. Ubonelelo lwe-injini ye-oyile yokuthambisa ye-supertshaja, nikela ingqalelo ekudibaniseni umbhobho wokuthambisa ukuze ugcine indlela yeoli yokuthambisa ingavalwanga.Uxinzelelo lweoli lugcinwa kwi-200-400 kPa ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo.Xa i-injini ingasebenzi, uxinzelelo lwe-oyile yokungena kwi-oyile ye-turbocharger akufunekanga ibe ngaphantsi kwe-80 kPa.
4. Cofa umbhobho wokupholisa ukugcina amanzi okupholisa ecocekile kwaye engaphazanyiswa.
5. Qhagamshela isihluzo somoya kwaye usigcine sicocekile.Ukuhla koxinzelelo okungenakuphazamiseka akufanele kudlule ikholomu ye-mercury engama-500 mm, kuba ukuhla koxinzelelo olugqithisileyo kuya kubangela ukuvuza kweoli kwi-turbocharger.
6. Ngokombhobho wokukhupha, umbhobho wokukhupha ngaphandle kunye ne-muffler, isakhiwo esiqhelekileyo kufuneka sihlangabezane neemfuno ezichaziweyo.
7. I-turbine inlet exhaust gas ayifanele ibe ngaphezu kwama-650 degrees Celsius.Ukuba iqondo lokushisa legesi yokukhupha lifunyenwe liphezulu kakhulu kwaye i-volute ibonakala ibomvu, yima ngokukhawuleza ukuze ufumane unobangela.
8. Emva kokuba injini iqalisiwe, nikela ingqalelo kuxinzelelo kwi-inlet ye-turbocharger.Kufuneka kubekho umboniso woxinzelelo phakathi kwemizuzwana emi-3, ngaphandle koko i-turbocharger iya kutshisa ngenxa yokungabikho kwe-lubrication.Emva kokuba injini iqalisiwe, kufuneka iqhutywe ngaphandle komthwalo ukugcina uxinzelelo lwe-oyile yokuthambisa kunye nobushushu.Inokuqhutywa ngomthwalo kuphela emva kokuba iqhelekile.Xa iqondo lobushushu lisezantsi, ixesha le-idling kufuneka landiswe ngokufanelekileyo.
9. Jonga kwaye uphelise isandi esingaqhelekanga kunye nokungcangcazela kwe-supercharger nangaliphi na ixesha.Qaphela uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu be-oyile yokuthambisa ye-turbocharger nangaliphi na ixesha.Ubushushu bokungena kwi-injini yomoya abuyi kudlula iimfuno ezichaziweyo.Ukuba kukho nakuphi na ukungaqhelekanga kufunyenwe, umatshini kufuneka uvaliwe ukufumanisa unobangela kwaye kupheliswe.
10. Xa injini ikwisantya esiphezulu kunye nomthwalo opheleleyo, akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukuyimisa ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokuba kukho imeko engxamisekileyo.Isantya kufuneka sincitshiswe ngokuthe ngcembe ukususa umthwalo.Emva koko misa ngaphandle komthwalo imizuzu emi-5 ukukhusela umonakalo kwi-turbocharger ngenxa yokushisa kunye nokungabikho kweoli.
11. Jonga ukuba imibhobho yokungena nokuphumayo yecompressor icocekile.Ukuba kukho ukugqabhuka kunye nokuvuza komoya, yisuse ngexesha.Kuba ukuba i-compressor inlet pipe yaphukile.Umoya uya kungena kwi-compressor ukusuka ekuqhekekeni.I-debris iya kubangela umonakalo kwivili le-compressor, kwaye umbhobho we-compressor outlet ugqabhukile kunye nokuvuza, okuya kubangela ukungena komoya onganelanga kwi-cylinder ye-injini, okukhokelela ekutshisweni komlilo.
12. Jonga ukuba ingaba imibhobho ye-oyile yokungena nokuphuma ye-turbocharger icocekile, kwaye ususe nakuphi na ukuvuza ngexesha.
13. Qwalasela iibholiti zokuqinisa kunye namandongomane e-turbocharger.Ukuba iibholithi ziyashukuma, i-turbocharger iya konakaliswa ngenxa yokungcangcazela.Ngelo xesha, isantya se-turbocharger siya kuncipha ngenxa yokuvuza kwe-gas pool, okubangelwa ukungonelanga komoya.
Okwesithathu, uhlalutyo kunye neendlela zokusombulula iingxaki zeempazamo eziqhelekileyo ze-turbocharger
1. I-turbocharger ayiguquki ekujikelezeni.
UPHAWU.Xa ubushushu be-injini ye-diesel buphantsi, umbhobho wokukhupha umoya ukhupha umsi omhlophe, kwaye xa ubushushu be-injini buphezulu, umbhobho wokukhupha umoya ukhupha umsi omnyama, kwaye inxalenye yomsi iyaphuma kwaye ijikeleza, kwaye inxalenye yomsi iyagxila kwaye kukhutshwa ngaphezulu.
UKUHLOLWA.Xa injini ye-diesel imisiwe, mamela ixesha lokujikeleza kwe-inertial ye-rotor ye-supercharger ngentonga yokubeka iliso, kwaye i-rotor eqhelekileyo inokuqhubeka ijikeleza ngokwayo malunga nomzuzu omnye.Ngokubeka iliso, kwafunyaniswa ukuba i-turbocharger yangasemva yazivulela kuphela imizuzwana embalwa emva koko yayeka.Emva kokususa i-turbocharger yangasemva, kwafunyaniswa ukuba kukho idiphozithi eshinyeneyo yekhabhoni kwi-injini yomoya kunye nevolute.
UHLALUTYO.Ukujikeleza okungaguqukiyo kwe-turbocharger kubangela umqolo weesilinda ezinokunciphisa ukungena komoya kunye nomlinganiselo ophantsi woxinzelelo.Xa ubushushu be-injini buphantsi, i-fuel kwi-cylinder ayikwazi ukuvutha ngokupheleleyo, kwaye inxalenye yayo ikhutshwe njengenkungu, kwaye ukutsha akuphelelanga xa ubushushu be-injini bukhuphuka.Ukukhupha umsi omnyama, ngenxa yokuba i-turbocharger enye kuphela iphosakele, ukungena komoya kweesilinda ezimbini kuyahluka ngokucacileyo, okubangela ukuba imeko apho umsi wokukhupha uchithe ngokuyinxenye kwaye ugxininiswe ngokuyinxenye.Kukho iinkalo ezimbini ekubunjweni kweediphozithi ze-coke: enye kukuvuza kweoli i-turbocharger , Okwesibini kukutsha okungaphelelanga kwedizili kwi-cylinder.
UNGABANDISI.Okokuqala susa iidiphozithi zekhabhoni, kwaye emva koko ubuyisele izitywina zeoyile ye-turbocharger.Ngelo xesha, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekugcinweni kunye nokulungiswa kwe-injini ye-diesel, njengokulungelelanisa ukuchithwa kwe-valve ngexesha, ukucoca i-air filter ngexesha, kunye nokulungiswa kwee-injection ukunciphisa ukubunjwa kwe-carbon deposits.
2. I-oyile ye-turbocharger, i-oyile ehambisa i-oyile kwi-airway
IIMPAWU.Xa i-injini ye-diesel ivutha ngokuqhelekileyo, kunokubonwa ukuba umbhobho wokukhupha ukhupha iyunifomu kunye nomsi oluhlaza oqhubekayo.Kwimeko yokutsha okungaqhelekanga, kunzima ukubona umsi oluhlaza ngenxa yokuphazamiseka komsi omhlophe okanye umsi omnyama.
UKUHLOLWA.Ukuqhawula isiciko sokugqibela sombhobho wokungena kwi-injini ye-diesel, kunokubonwa ukuba kukho inani elincinci leoli kumbhobho wokungena.Emva kokususa i-supercharger, kufunyenwe ukuba i-oil seal igugile.
UHLALUTYO.Isihluzi somoya sivalwe ngokungqongqo, ukuhla koxinzelelo kwi-compressor inlet kukhulu kakhulu, amandla alastiki e-compressor end seal ring incinci kakhulu okanye i-axial gap inkulu kakhulu, indawo yokufaka ayichanekanga, kwaye iphulukana nokuqina kwayo. , kwaye isiphelo secompressor sitywinwe.Umngxuma womoya uvaliwe, kwaye umoya ocinezelweyo awukwazi ukungena ngasemva kwe-compressor impeller.
UNGABANDISI.Kufunyaniswa ukuba i-turbocharger ivuza ioli, i-oyile yokutywinwa kufuneka itshintshwe ngexesha, kwaye isihluzo somoya kufuneka sicocwe ngexesha xa kuyimfuneko, kwaye umngxuma womoya kufuneka ucocwe.
3. ukunyusa uxinzelelo lwehla
unobangela wokungasebenzi kakuhle
1. Isihluzo somoya kunye nokungena komoya kuvaliwe, kwaye ukuchasana kokungena komoya kukhulu.
2. Umzila we-compressor flow path wonakele, kwaye umbhobho wokungena kwi-injini ye-diesel uyavuza.
3. Umbhobho wokukhupha we-injini ye-diesel uyavuza, kwaye i-airway ye-turbine ivaliwe, oko kwandisa uxinzelelo lwangasemva kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-injini yomoya.
Ukuphelisa
1. Coca isihluzo somoya
2. Coca ivolonti yecompressor ukuphelisa ukuvuza komoya.
3. Ukuphelisa ukuvuza komoya kumbhobho wokukhupha kwaye ucoce igobolondo le-turbine.
4. Icompressor iyanyuka.
Iimbangela zokusilela
1. I-air intake passage ivaliwe, okunciphisa ukuhamba komoya ovaliweyo.
2. Ipaseji yerhasi ephumayo, kubandakanywa neringi yomlomo wesingxobo se turbine, ivaliwe.
3. I-injini ye-diesel isebenza phantsi kweemeko ezingaqhelekanga, ezifana nokuguquguquka okugqithisileyo komthwalo, ukucima ngokukhawuleza.
Khupha ngaphandle
1. Coca isicoci sokuvuza komoya, i-intercooler, umbhobho wokungena kunye nezinye iindawo ezinxulumene nazo.
2. Coca amacandelo einjini yomoya.
3. Ukuthintela iimeko zokusebenza ezingaqhelekanga ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, kwaye usebenze ngokweenkqubo zokusebenza.
4. I-turbocharger inesantya esisezantsi.
Iimbangela zokusilela
1. Ngenxa yokuvuza okukhulu kweoli, iglue yeoli okanye i-carbon deposits iqokelela kwaye ithintele ukujikeleza kwe-rotor ye-turbine.
2. Isiganeko sokuxutywa kwamagnetic okanye umonakalo obangelwa ngumoya ojikelezayo ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yobunzima obunzima bokuthwala okanye ukusebenza phantsi kwe-speed-speed and over-temperature, obangela ukuba i-rotor iguqulwe kwaye yonakaliswe.
3. Ukunyamezela ukudinwa ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:
A. Ukungonelanga koxinzelelo lwe-oyile yokungena kunye nokuthambisa kakubi;
B. Ubushushu be-oyile ye-injini buphezulu kakhulu;
C. I-oyile ye-injini ayicocekanga;
D. Rotor ibhalansi eguqukayo itshatyalalisiwe;
E. Ukukhutshwa kwemvume kwiNdibano akuzifikeleli iiMfuno ezifunekayo;
F. Ukusetyenziswa kunye nokusebenza ngokungafanelekanga.
Iyeza
1. Yenza ukucoca.
2. Yenza i-disassembly kunye nokuhlolwa, kwaye utshintshe i-rotor xa kuyimfuneko.
3. Fumanisa unobangela, shenxisa iingozi ezifihlakeleyo, kwaye ubeke endaweni yayo ngomkhono omtsha odadayo.
4. I-supercharger yenza isandi esingaqhelekanga.
unobangela womba
1. Isithuba phakathi kwe-rotor impeller kunye ne-casing incinci kakhulu, ibangela ukuxutywa kwamagnetic.
2. I-sleeve edadayo okanye i-thrust plate igugile kakhulu, kwaye i-rotor inokunyakaza okukhulu, okubangela ukuxutywa kwamagnetic phakathi kwe-impeller kunye ne-casing.
3. I-impeller ikhubazekile okanye ijenali ye-shaft igugile ngokungqongqo, okwenza ukuba ibhalansi ye-rotor yonakaliswe.
4. Iidiphozithi ezibukhali zekhabhoni kwi-injini yomoya, okanye izinto zangaphandle eziwela kwi-turbocharger.
5. Icompressor surge inokuvelisa ingxolo engaqhelekanga.
Indlela yokuphelisa
1. Khangela ukukhutshwa okufanelekileyo, uqhaqhe kwaye uphande ukuba kuyimfuneko.
2. Khangela ubungakanani bokubhukuda kwe-rotor, udibanise kwaye uhlolisise ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwaye uphinde uhlolisise ukuchithwa kwe-bearing clearance.
3. Ukuqhawula kwaye ukhangele ibhalansi ye-rotor dynamic.
4. Qhuba ukuqhaqha, ukuhlola kunye nokucoca.
5. Ukuphelisa isenzeko sotyando.
Ixesha lokuthumela: 19-04-21